SQL server or agent or any other login can access a fileshare?

Yes, but you need to check:

SELECT CURRENT_USER;  
xp_cmdshell 'whoami';

EXECUTE AS user = 'domain\user'
SELECT CURRENT_USER;  
xp_cmdshell 'whoami'
xp_cmdshell 'dir \\server\sharename'

Revert; -- exit from current user 
SELECT CURRENT_USER;

SELECT CURRENT_USER;

xp_cmdshell 'whoami';

EXECUTE AS user = 'domain\user'

SELECT CURRENT_USER;

xp_cmdshell 'whoami'

xp_cmdshell 'dir \\server\sharename'

Revert; -- exit from current user

SELECT CURRENT_USER;

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